/* ─── Design Tokens ─────────────────────────────────────────────── */
    :root {
      --ink:        #1a202c;
      --ink-mid:    #2d3748;
      --ink-soft:   #718096;
      --cream:      #f0f4f8;
      --cream-warm: #e2eaf3;
      --teal:       #2b6cb0;
      --teal-light: #4299e1;
      --teal-pale:  #bee3f8;
      --accent:     #744fc6;
      --rule:       rgba(43,108,176,0.18);
      --serif-head: 'DM Serif Display', Georgia, serif;
      --serif-body: 'Source Serif 4', Georgia, serif;
    }

    /* ─── Reset & Base ───────────────────────────────────────────────── */
    *, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
    html { font-size: 16px; scroll-behavior: smooth; }
    body {
      background: var(--cream);
      color: var(--ink);
      font-family: var(--serif-body);
      font-weight: 400;
      line-height: 1.7;
      min-height: 100vh;
      overflow-x: hidden;
    }

    /* ─── Subtle Grain Overlay ───────────────────────────────────────── */
    body::before {
      content: '';
      position: fixed; inset: 0; z-index: 0; pointer-events: none;
      background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='200' height='200'%3E%3Cfilter id='n'%3E%3CfeTurbulence type='fractalNoise' baseFrequency='0.85' numOctaves='4' stitchTiles='stitch'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Crect width='200' height='200' filter='url(%23n)' opacity='0.04'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");
      opacity: 0.5;
    }

    /* ─── Navigation ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
    nav {
      position: fixed; top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; z-index: 100;
      display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between;
      padding: 0 3rem;
      height: 64px;
      background: rgba(240,244,248,0.92);
      backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
      border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
    }
    .nav-brand {
      font-family: var(--serif-head);
      font-size: 1.15rem;
      color: var(--ink);
      letter-spacing: 0.01em;
      cursor: pointer;
    }
    .nav-brand span { color: var(--teal); }
    .nav-links { display: flex; gap: 2.5rem; list-style: none; }
    .nav-links li a {
      font-family: var(--serif-body);
      font-size: 0.72rem;
      font-weight: 400;
      letter-spacing: 0.1em;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      color: var(--ink-soft);
      text-decoration: none;
      cursor: pointer;
      transition: color 0.2s;
      padding-bottom: 2px;
      border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;
    }
    .nav-links li a:hover,
    .nav-links li a.active {
      color: var(--teal);
      border-bottom-color: var(--teal);
    }

    /* ─── Page System ────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
    .page {
      display: none;
      min-height: 100vh;
      padding-top: 64px;
      position: relative; z-index: 1;
      animation: fadeUp 0.5s ease both;
    }
    .page.active { display: block; }
    @keyframes fadeUp {
      from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(18px); }
      to   { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
    }

    /* ─── Shared Layout ──────────────────────────────────────────────── */
    .container { max-width: 960px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 2.5rem; }
    .page-header {
      padding: 4.5rem 0 3rem;
      border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
      margin-bottom: 3.5rem;
      position: relative;
    }
    .page-header::before {
      content: attr(data-label);
      font-family: var(--serif-body);
      font-size: 0.65rem;
      letter-spacing: 0.14em;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      color: var(--teal);
      display: block;
      margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
    }
    h1.page-title {
      font-family: var(--serif-head);
      font-size: clamp(2.2rem, 5vw, 3.6rem);
      color: var(--ink);
      line-height: 1.12;
      font-weight: 400;
    }
    h1.page-title em { color: var(--teal); font-style: italic; }
    .page-subtitle {
      font-size: 1.05rem;
      color: var(--ink-soft);
      margin-top: 1rem;
      font-weight: 300;
      max-width: 600px;
    }

    /* ─── Decorative Rule ────────────────────────────────────────────── */
    .teal-rule {
      width: 48px; height: 2px;
      background: var(--teal);
      margin: 1.5rem 0;
    }

    /* ─── Section Headings ───────────────────────────────────────────── */
    h2.section-head {
      font-family: var(--serif-head);
      font-size: 1.55rem;
      font-weight: 400;
      color: var(--ink);
      margin-bottom: 1rem;
    }
    h3.card-title {
      font-family: var(--serif-head);
      font-size: 1.12rem;
      font-weight: 400;
      color: var(--ink);
      margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
    }
    p { color: var(--ink-mid); margin-bottom: 1rem; }
    p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }

    /* ─── Tag Chip ───────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
    .tag {
      display: inline-block;
      font-family: var(--serif-body);
      font-size: 0.62rem;
      font-weight: 400;
      letter-spacing: 0.08em;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      padding: 0.25em 0.7em;
      border-radius: 2px;
      background: var(--teal-pale);
      color: var(--teal);
      margin: 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0;
    }
    .tag.accent { background: #f5e8e4; color: var(--accent); }
    .tag.dark { background: var(--ink); color: var(--cream); }

    /* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
       PAGE 1 — BIO / ABOUT
    ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ */
    #page-about .hero {
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
      gap: 5rem;
      align-items: start;
      padding-bottom: 4rem;
      border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
      margin-bottom: 3.5rem;
    }
    #page-about .hero-text {}
    #page-about .hero-text .lead {
      font-size: 1.18rem;
      line-height: 1.75;
      color: var(--ink-mid);
      margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    }
    .avatar-block {
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      gap: 1.5rem;
    }
    .avatar-block {
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      gap: 1.5rem;
    }
    .avatar-placeholder {
      width: 450px;
      aspect-ratio: 5/4;
      background: var(--cream-warm);
      border: 1px solid var(--rule);
      position: relative;
      overflow: hidden;
    }
    .stat-row { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 0.75rem; }
    .stat-item {
      display: flex; align-items: baseline; gap: 0.75rem;
      padding: 0.6rem 0;
      border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
    }
    .stat-item:last-child { border-bottom: none; }
    .stat-label {
      font-family: var(--serif-body);
      font-size: 0.65rem;
      letter-spacing: 0.1em;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      color: var(--teal);
      min-width: 90px;
    }
    .stat-value {
      font-size: 0.88rem;
      color: var(--ink-mid);
    }

    .pillars-grid {
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
      gap: 1.5rem;
      margin-bottom: 3.5rem;
    }
    .pillar-card {
      padding: 1.5rem;
      background: white;
      border: 1px solid var(--rule);
      border-top: 3px solid var(--teal);
      transition: transform 0.2s, box-shadow 0.2s;
    }
    .pillar-card:hover { transform: translateY(-3px); box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(0,0,0,0.07); }
    .pillar-icon {
      font-family: var(--serif-body);
      font-size: 0.65rem;
      letter-spacing: 0.12em;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      color: var(--teal);
      margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
    }
    .pillar-card h3 {
      font-family: var(--serif-head);
      font-size: 1.05rem;
      margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
      color: var(--ink);
    }
    .pillar-card p { font-size: 0.88rem; color: var(--ink-soft); }

    /* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
       PAGE 2 — RESEARCH
    ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ */
    .research-focus {
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
      gap: 2rem;
      margin-bottom: 3.5rem;
    }
    .focus-card {
      padding: 2rem;
      background: white;
      border: 1px solid var(--rule);
      position: relative;
      overflow: hidden;
    }
    .focus-card::before {
      content: '';
      position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; bottom: 0;
      width: 3px; background: var(--teal);
    }
    .focus-card h3 { font-family: var(--serif-head); font-size: 1.15rem; margin-bottom: 0.6rem; }
    .focus-card p { font-size: 0.9rem; color: var(--ink-soft); }

    .pub-list { margin-bottom: 3.5rem; }
    .pub-item {
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: 48px 1fr;
      gap: 1.25rem;
      padding: 1.5rem 0;
      border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
      align-items: start;
    }
    .pub-year {
      font-family: var(--serif-body);
      font-size: 0.7rem;
      color: var(--teal);
      letter-spacing: 0.06em;
      padding-top: 0.2rem;
    }
    .pub-title {
      font-family: var(--serif-body);
      font-size: 1rem;
      font-style: italic;
      color: var(--ink);
      margin-bottom: 0.3rem;
    }
    .pub-journal {
      font-family: var(--serif-body);
      font-size: 0.7rem;
      font-style: italic;
      color: var(--ink-soft);
      letter-spacing: 0.02em;
    }

    .methods-block {
      background: var(--ink);
      color: var(--cream);
      padding: 2.5rem;
      margin-bottom: 3.5rem;
      position: relative;
      overflow: hidden;
    }
    .methods-block::before {
      content: 'METHODOLOGICAL FOCUS';
      font-family: var(--serif-body);
      font-size: 0.6rem;
      letter-spacing: 0.18em;
      color: var(--teal-light);
      display: block;
      margin-bottom: 1rem;
    }
    .methods-block h2 {
      font-family: var(--serif-head);
      font-size: 1.5rem;
      font-weight: 400;
      margin-bottom: 1rem;
      color: var(--cream);
    }
    .methods-block p { color: rgba(240,244,248,0.7); font-size: 0.95rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
    .methods-block .tag { background: rgba(45,125,120,0.25); color: var(--teal-light); }

    /* ─── Publication Timeline ───────────────────────────────────────── */
    .timeline {
      position: relative;
      padding-left: 3rem;
      margin-bottom: 3.5rem;
    }
    /* Vertical spine */
    .timeline::before {
      content: '';
      position: absolute;
      left: 11px;
      top: 8px;
      bottom: 0;
      width: 2px;
      background: linear-gradient(to bottom, var(--teal), var(--teal-pale));
    }
    .tl-year-group { margin-bottom: 2rem; }
    .tl-year-label {
      position: relative;
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 1rem;
      margin-bottom: 1rem;
    }
    /* Year node dot */
    .tl-year-label::before {
      content: '';
      position: absolute;
      left: -2.95rem;
      width: 16px; height: 16px;
      border-radius: 50%;
      background: var(--teal);
      border: 3px solid var(--cream);
      box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px var(--teal);
      flex-shrink: 0;
    }
    .tl-year-text {
      font-family: var(--serif-head);
      font-size: 1.4rem;
      color: var(--ink);
      line-height: 1;
    }
    .tl-year-count {
      font-family: var(--serif-body);
      font-size: 0.62rem;
      letter-spacing: 0.1em;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      color: var(--teal);
      background: var(--teal-pale);
      padding: 0.2em 0.6em;
      border-radius: 2px;
    }
    .tl-pubs { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 0.6rem; }
    .tl-pub {
      position: relative;
      background: white;
      border: 1px solid var(--rule);
      border-left: 3px solid transparent;
      padding: 0.9rem 1.1rem;
      cursor: pointer;
      transition: border-color 0.2s, box-shadow 0.2s;
    }
    .tl-pub::before {
      content: '';
      position: absolute;
      left: -2.05rem;
      top: 50%;
      transform: translateY(-50%);
      width: 8px; height: 8px;
      border-radius: 50%;
      background: var(--cream-warm);
      border: 2px solid var(--teal);
    }
    .tl-pub:hover, .tl-pub.open {
      border-left-color: var(--teal);
      box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
    }
    .tl-pub-header {
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: flex-start;
      gap: 1rem;
    }
    .tl-pub-title {
      font-family: var(--serif-body);
      font-size: 0.92rem;
      font-style: italic;
      color: var(--ink);
      line-height: 1.4;
      flex: 1;
    }
    .tl-pub-toggle {
      font-family: var(--serif-body);
      font-size: 0.75rem;
      color: var(--teal);
      flex-shrink: 0;
      margin-top: 0.1rem;
      transition: transform 0.2s;
    }
    .tl-pub.open .tl-pub-toggle { transform: rotate(180deg); }
    .tl-pub-detail {
      display: none;
      margin-top: 0.7rem;
      padding-top: 0.7rem;
      border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
      font-size: 0.82rem;
      color: var(--ink-soft);
    }
    .tl-pub.open .tl-pub-detail { display: block; }
    .tl-pub-journal {
      font-family: var(--serif-body);
      font-size: 0.65rem;
      font-style: italic;
      letter-spacing: 0.02em;
      color: var(--teal);
      margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
    }
    .tl-pub-doi {
      font-family: var(--serif-body);
      font-size: 0.62rem;
      color: var(--ink-soft);
    }
    .tl-pub-doi a {
      color: var(--teal);
      text-decoration: none;
      border-bottom: 1px solid var(--teal-pale);
    }
    .tl-pub-doi a:hover { border-bottom-color: var(--teal); }

    /* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
       PAGE 3 — SKILLS & TOOLS
    ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ */
    .skills-grid {
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
      gap: 1.75rem;
      margin-bottom: 3.5rem;
    }
    .skill-group {
      padding: 1.75rem;
      background: white;
      border: 1px solid var(--rule);
    }
    .skill-group-label {
      font-family: var(--serif-body);
      font-size: 0.65rem;
      letter-spacing: 0.13em;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      color: var(--teal);
      margin-bottom: 1rem;
      padding-bottom: 0.6rem;
      border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
    }
    .skill-bar-item {
      margin-bottom: 0.9rem;
    }
    .skill-bar-header {
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: baseline;
      margin-bottom: 0.3rem;
    }
    .skill-name {
      font-family: var(--serif-body);
      font-size: 0.88rem;
      color: var(--ink);
    }
    .skill-level {
      font-family: var(--serif-body);
      font-size: 0.6rem;
      letter-spacing: 0.08em;
      color: var(--ink-soft);
      text-transform: uppercase;
    }
    .bar-track {
      height: 3px;
      background: var(--cream-warm);
      border-radius: 2px;
      overflow: hidden;
    }
    .bar-fill {
      height: 100%;
      background: var(--teal);
      border-radius: 2px;
      transform-origin: left;
      animation: barGrow 1s ease both;
    }
    @keyframes barGrow {
      from { transform: scaleX(0); }
      to   { transform: scaleX(1); }
    }

    .tools-mosaic {
      display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 0.5rem;
      margin-bottom: 3.5rem;
    }
    .tool-chip {
      font-family: var(--serif-body);
      font-size: 0.82rem;
      padding: 0.45em 1em;
      border: 1px solid var(--rule);
      background: white;
      color: var(--ink-mid);
      letter-spacing: 0.02em;
      cursor: default;
      transition: background 0.15s, color 0.15s, border-color 0.15s;
    }
    .tool-chip:hover { background: var(--teal); color: white; border-color: var(--teal); }

    .infra-block {
      padding: 2rem;
      background: var(--cream-warm);
      border: 1px solid var(--rule);
      margin-bottom: 3.5rem;
    }
    .infra-block h2 { font-family: var(--serif-head); font-size: 1.3rem; margin-bottom: 0.75rem; }
    .infra-items { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); gap: 1rem; margin-top: 1.25rem; }
    .infra-item {
      padding: 1rem;
      background: white;
      border: 1px solid var(--rule);
    }
    .infra-item .label {
      font-family: var(--serif-body); font-size: 0.6rem; letter-spacing: 0.12em;
      text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--teal); display: block; margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
    }
    .infra-item .value { font-size: 0.85rem; color: var(--ink-mid); }

    /* ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
       PAGE 4 — PORTFOLIO / PROJECTS
    ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ */
    .project-card {
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: 1fr 2fr;
      gap: 2.5rem;
      padding: 2.5rem 0;
      border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
      align-items: start;
    }
    .project-card:first-child { padding-top: 0; }
    .project-meta {}
    .project-index {
      font-family: var(--serif-head);
      font-size: 2.5rem;
      font-weight: 400;
      color: var(--rule);
      line-height: 1;
      margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    }
    .project-status {
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
      gap: 0.4em;
      font-family: var(--serif-body);
      font-size: 0.62rem;
      letter-spacing: 0.1em;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      color: var(--teal);
      margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    }
    .project-status::before {
      content: '';
      width: 6px; height: 6px;
      border-radius: 50%;
      background: var(--teal);
      animation: pulse 2s infinite;
    }
    @keyframes pulse {
      0%, 100% { opacity: 1; }
      50% { opacity: 0.35; }
    }
    .project-status.complete { color: var(--ink-soft); }
    .project-status.complete::before { background: var(--ink-soft); animation: none; }
    .project-body h3.card-title { font-size: 1.3rem; margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
    .project-body p { font-size: 0.92rem; color: var(--ink-soft); margin-bottom: 1rem; }
    .project-tech { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 0.35rem; margin-top: 0.75rem; }

    /* ─── Research Dashboard Grid ───────────────────────────────────── */
    .rd-grid {
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: 1fr;
      gap: 0.65rem;
      margin: 1rem 0 1.1rem;
    }
    .rd-item {
      background: var(--cream-warm);
      border-radius: 3px;
      overflow: hidden;
      border: 1px solid var(--rule);
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: row;
      align-items: stretch;
    }
    .rd-item img {
      width: 90px;
      flex-shrink: 0;
      object-fit: cover;
      display: block;
      align-self: stretch;
    }
    .rd-item-body {
      padding: 0.45rem 0.55rem 0.55rem;
      flex: 1;
      min-width: 0;
    }
    .rd-item-title {
      font-family: var(--serif-body);
      font-size: 0.71rem;
      font-weight: 600;
      line-height: 1.35;
      color: var(--ink);
      margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
    }
    .rd-item-pi {
      font-family: var(--serif-body);
      font-size: 0.6rem;
      letter-spacing: 0.05em;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      color: var(--ink-soft);
    }
    .rd-restricted {
      font-family: var(--serif-body);
      font-size: 0.61rem;
      letter-spacing: 0.06em;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      color: var(--ink-soft);
      margin-top: 0.85rem;
      padding-top: 0.75rem;
      border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
    }
    .repo-card {
      text-decoration: none;
      margin-top: 1rem;
      transition: border-color 0.15s, background 0.15s;
    }
    .repo-card:hover {
      border-color: var(--teal);
      background: var(--teal-pale);
    }
    .repo-card-icon {
      width: 90px;
      flex-shrink: 0;
      background: var(--ink);
      display: flex;
      align-items: center;
      justify-content: center;
      color: var(--cream);
    }
    .rd-loading {
      font-size: 0.82rem;
      color: var(--ink-soft);
      font-style: italic;
      padding: 0.5rem 0;
    }
    @media (max-width: 720px) {
      .rd-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    }

    /* ─── Footer ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
    footer {
      border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
      padding: 2.5rem 0;
      margin-top: 4rem;
    }
    .footer-inner {
      display: flex;
      justify-content: space-between;
      align-items: center;
    }
    .footer-name {
      font-family: var(--serif-head);
      font-size: 0.95rem;
      color: var(--ink);
    }
    .footer-contact a {
      font-family: var(--serif-body);
      font-size: 0.72rem;
      letter-spacing: 0.08em;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      color: var(--teal);
      text-decoration: none;
      border-bottom: 1px solid var(--teal-pale);
      padding-bottom: 1px;
      transition: border-color 0.2s;
    }
    .footer-contact a:hover { border-color: var(--teal); }

    /* ─── Responsive ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
    @media (max-width: 720px) {
      nav { padding: 0 1.25rem; }
      .nav-links { gap: 1.2rem; }
      .container { padding: 0 1.25rem; }
      #page-about .hero { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 2rem; }
      .pillars-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
      .research-focus { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
      .skills-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
      .infra-items { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
      .project-card { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 1rem; }
      .footer-inner { flex-direction: column; gap: 1rem; }
    }

    /* ─── Research Landscape (Bubble Map) ───────────────────────────────── */
    .landscape-section {
      margin-bottom: 3.5rem;
    }
    .landscape-label {
      font-family: var(--serif-body);
      font-size: 0.65rem;
      letter-spacing: 0.15em;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      color: var(--teal);
      margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
    }
    #research-landscape {
      background: white;
      border: 1px solid var(--rule);
      padding: 1rem 1rem 0.5rem;
      position: relative;
      overflow: hidden;
    }
    #research-landscape svg { display: block; }

    /* ─── Landscape / Collaboration tabs ────────────────────────────────── */
    .viz-tabs {
      display: flex;
      gap: 0;
      margin-bottom: 0.9rem;
      border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
    }
    .viz-tab {
      font-family: var(--mono);
      font-size: 0.65rem;
      letter-spacing: 0.14em;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      color: var(--ink-soft);
      background: none;
      border: none;
      border-bottom: 2px solid transparent;
      margin-bottom: -1px;
      padding: 0.5rem 0.95rem;
      cursor: pointer;
      transition: color 0.15s, border-color 0.15s;
    }
    .viz-tab:hover { color: var(--teal); }
    .viz-tab.active { color: var(--teal); border-bottom-color: var(--teal); }
    .viz-panel { display: none; }
    .viz-panel.active { display: block; }

    /* ─── Collaboration Network ─────────────────────────────────────────── */
    #collab-graph {
      background: white;
      border: 1px solid var(--rule);
      padding: 0.5rem;
      overflow: hidden;
    }
    #collab-graph svg { display: block; }
    #collab-legend {
      display: flex;
      flex-wrap: wrap;
      gap: 0.5rem 1.1rem;
      margin-top: 0.9rem;
    }
    .collab-legend-item {
      font-family: var(--mono);
      font-size: 0.62rem;
      letter-spacing: 0.04em;
      color: var(--ink-soft);
      display: inline-flex;
      align-items: center;
    }
    .collab-legend-item em { color: var(--teal); font-style: normal; margin-left: 0.35em; }
    .collab-dot {
      width: 9px; height: 9px; border-radius: 50%;
      display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.45em;
      flex: none;
    }
    .collab-caption {
      font-family: var(--mono);
      font-size: 0.62rem;
      color: var(--ink-soft);
      letter-spacing: 0.03em;
      margin-top: 0.85rem;
      line-height: 1.55;
    }
    .map-back-btn {
      display: inline-block;
      font-family: var(--serif-body);
      font-size: 0.68rem;
      letter-spacing: 0.08em;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      color: var(--teal);
      cursor: pointer;
      padding: 0.4rem 0;
      margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
      border-bottom: 1px solid var(--teal-pale);
      transition: border-color 0.2s;
    }
    .map-back-btn:hover { border-bottom-color: var(--teal); }

    /* ─── Viz Tooltip ───────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
    #viz-tooltip {
      display: none;
      position: fixed;
      z-index: 999;
      max-width: 280px;
      background: var(--ink);
      color: var(--cream);
      padding: 0.65rem 0.85rem;
      font-family: var(--serif-body);
      font-size: 0.8rem;
      line-height: 1.45;
      pointer-events: none;
      box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(0,0,0,0.18);
    }
    #viz-tooltip em { color: var(--cream); font-style: italic; }
    #viz-tooltip .tt-journal {
      font-family: var(--serif-body);
      font-size: 0.65rem;
      font-style: italic;
      color: var(--teal-light);
      letter-spacing: 0.02em;
      display: block;
      margin-top: 0.35rem;
    }
    #viz-tooltip .tt-doi {
      font-family: var(--serif-body);
      font-size: 0.65rem;
      color: var(--teal-light);
      text-decoration: none;
      display: block;
      margin-top: 0.3rem;
      border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(63,160,154,0.35);
      pointer-events: auto;
    }
    #viz-tooltip .tt-doi:hover { border-bottom-color: var(--teal-light); }

    /* ─── Topic Filter Chips ────────────────────────────────────────────── */
    #topic-filters {
      display: flex;
      flex-wrap: wrap;
      gap: 0.4rem;
      margin-bottom: 1.75rem;
    }
    .filter-chip {
      font-family: var(--serif-body);
      font-size: 0.65rem;
      font-weight: 400;
      letter-spacing: 0.08em;
      text-transform: uppercase;
      padding: 0.3em 0.85em;
      border: 1px solid var(--rule);
      background: white;
      color: var(--ink-soft);
      cursor: pointer;
      transition: background 0.15s, color 0.15s, border-color 0.15s;
    }
    .filter-chip:hover {
      border-color: var(--chip-color, var(--teal));
      color: var(--chip-color, var(--teal));
    }
    .filter-chip.active {
      background: var(--chip-color, var(--teal));
      border-color: var(--chip-color, var(--teal));
      color: white;
    }

    /* ─── Timeline Topic Dots ───────────────────────────────────────────── */
    .tl-pub-title-row {
      display: flex;
      align-items: flex-start;
      gap: 0.5rem;
      flex: 1;
    }
    .tl-topic-dots {
      display: flex;
      gap: 3px;
      flex-shrink: 0;
      padding-top: 0.25em;
    }
    .topic-dot {
      display: inline-block;
      width: 7px;
      height: 7px;
      border-radius: 50%;
      flex-shrink: 0;
    }
    .tl-pub.dimmed {
      opacity: 0.28;
    }
    .tl-pub-header { cursor: pointer; }

    /* ─── Multi-page nav brand (now an anchor) ───────────────────────── */
    a.nav-brand { text-decoration: none; }
    a.nav-brand:hover { color: var(--ink); }